What is Password Cracking? Password cracking is the process of attempting to gain Unauthorized access to restricted systems using common passwords or algorithms that guess passwords.

One of the most important skills used in hacking and penetration testing is the ability to crack user passwords and gain access to system and network resources. One of the most common techniques is known as brute force password cracking.

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In other words, it’s an art of obtaining the correct password that gives access to a system protected by an authentication method. Password cracking employs a number of techniques to achieve its goals. The cracking process can involve either comparing stored passwords against word list or use algorithms to generate passwords that match In this Tutorial, we will introduce you to the common password cracking techniques and the countermeasures you can implement to protect systems against such attacks. Topics covered in this tutorial • • • • • What is password strength? Password strength is the measure of a password’s efficiency to resist password cracking attacks.

The strength of a password is determined by; • Length: the number of characters the password contains. • Complexity: does it use a combination of letters, numbers, and symbol?

• Unpredictability: is it something that can be guessed easily by an attacker? Let’s now look at a practical example. We will use three passwords namely 1. #password1$ For this example, we will use the password strength indicator of Cpanel when creating passwords. The images below show the password strengths of each of the above-listed passwords. Note: the password used is password the strength is 1, and it’s very weak.

Note: the password used is password1 the strength is 28, and it’s still weak. Note: The password used is #password1$ the strength is 60 and it’s strong. The higher the strength number, better the password. Let’s suppose that we have to store our above passwords using md5 encryption. We will use an online to convert our passwords into md5 hashes.

The table below shows the password hashes Password MD5 Hash Cpanel Strength Indicator password 5f4dcc3b5aa7deb882cf99 1 password1 7c6a180b36896a0a8c02787eeafb0e4c 28 #password1$ 29e08fb7103c327d68327f23d8d9256c 60. We will now use to crack the above hashes. The images below show the password cracking results for the above passwords. As you can see from the above results, we managed to crack the first and second passwords that had lower strength numbers. We didn’t manage to crack the third password which was longer, complex and unpredictable. It had a higher strength number.

Password cracking techniques There are a number of techniques that can be used to crack passwords. We will describe the most commonly used ones below; • Dictionary attack– This method involves the use of a wordlist to compare against user passwords.

• Brute force attack– This method is similar to the dictionary attack. Brute force attacks use algorithms that combine alpha-numeric characters and symbols to come up with passwords for the attack. For example, a password of the value “password” can also be tried as p@$$word using the brute force attack. • Rainbow table attack– This method uses pre-computed hashes. Let’s assume that we have a database which stores passwords as md5 hashes. We can create another database that has md5 hashes of commonly used passwords. We can then compare the password hash we have against the stored hashes in the database.

If a match is found, then we have the password. • Guess– As the name suggests, this method involves guessing. Passwords such as qwerty, password, admin, etc. Are commonly used or set as default passwords. If they have not been changed or if the user is careless when selecting passwords, then they can be easily compromised.